Wednesday, March 31, 2010
Columbia Spectator on the Manhattanville CBA... but what about the 197-a plan?
The Columbia Spectator published an article last week about the Columbia University CBA, going over the criticisms of the CBA process outlined in the New York City Bar Association's recent report on CBAs. The article does a decent job of recapping the CBA's negotiation, but it leaves out any mention of the preexisting community-based 197-a plan that Columbia basically got the city to throw out (with a whole lot of lobbying). And that's an important consideration in the Columbia case, since it's a lot easier to portray the CBA as community-supported when you leave out the fact that the community's own plan was rejected in favor of different plans put forward by the elite and well-connected university.
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Cephalosporins are a large group of antibiotics derived from the mold Acremonium (previously called Cephalosporium). Cephalosporins are bactericidal (kill bacteria) and work in a similar way to penicillins. They bind to and block the activity of enzymes responsible for making peptidoglycan, an important component of the bacterial cell wall. They are called broad-spectrum antibiotics because they are effective against a wide range of bacteria.
cephalosporins
Since the first cephalosporin was discovered in 1945, scientists have been improving the structure of cephalosporins to make them more effective against a wider range of bacteria. Each time the structure changes, a new “generation” of cephalosporins are made. So far there are five generations of cephalosporins. All cephalosporins start with cef, ceph, or kef. Note that this classification system is not used consistently from country to country.
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A broad class of antibiotics called cephalosporins was produced from the mould Acremonium (previously called Cephalosporium). Similar to penicillins, cephalosporins are bactericidal (kill bacteria). They attach to and inhibit the activity of the enzymes that produce peptidoglycan, a crucial element of the bacterial cell wall. Because they work against a variety of bacteria, they are known as broad-spectrum antibiotics.
A wide class of antibiotics termed cephalosporins was developed from the mould Acremonium (previously called Cephalosporium). Cephalosporins are bactericidal, just as penicillins (kill bacteria).
The enzymes that generate peptidoglycan, a key component of the bacterial cell wall, are attached to and their activity is inhibited. They are referred to be broad-spectrum antibiotics since they are effective against a variety of microorganisms.
An extensive family of medicines known as cephalosporins was created from the Acremonium mould (previously called Cephalosporium). Like penicillins, cephalosporins have bactericidal properties (kill bacteria).
An important part of the bacterial cell wall, peptidoglycan, is produced by the enzymes that are linked to and whose activity is suppressed. As they work against a wide range of bacteria, they are referred to as broad-spectrum antibiotics.
From the mould Acremonium, a large class of antibiotics known as cephalosporins was created (previously called Cephalosporium). Cephalosporins are bactericidal, just like penicillins (kill bacteria). The enzymes that produce peptidoglycan, a crucial component of the bacterial cell wall, are attached to and their activity is inhibited. They are referred to as broad-spectrum antibiotics because they are effective against a variety of bacteria.
In general, cephalosporins don't have many negative effects. A true cross-reactivity to cephalosporins in individuals who have previously reacted to penicillins is not supported by current investigations, where hypersensitivity reactions are less frequent than with penicillins. Fever, arthralgia, and exanthema have also been linked to cephalosporin hypersensitivity events in two groups of children who received cefaclor. Modern cephalosporins do not cause nephrotoxicity, however high dosages of ceftazidime have been shown to slightly reduce renal function. Some of the new cephalosporins contain a 3-methyl thiotetrazole side-chain, a moiety that increases the risk of impaired prothrombin synthesis and associated bleeding risk in patients who drink alcohol after receiving a cephalosporin dose.
Community Benefits Agreements (CBAs) are legally binding agreements between community groups and developers or government agencies that require a range of benefits to be provided to the community in exchange for support or approval of a development project. CBAs often include provisions for affordable housing, job training, and environmental protections.
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When Columbia University first announced its intention to create a new campus in
the Manhattanville neighborhood of West Harlem (125th to 133rd streets between Broadway
and Riverside) in 2003, the university initially promised that the expansion would involve a
collaborative partnership with the Harlem community. This promise represented a significant
departure from the university’s historically troubled relationship with Harlem; a history
marked by acrimonious racial and class conflict as Columbia expanded control over its
Morningside Heights neighborhood and intentionally sought to segregate the neighborhood
from Harlem throughout the 20th century (Bergdoll 1997, Bradley 2003, Schwartz 1993,
Slonecker 2008). By promising to work with the Harlem community, Columbia raised hopes
that the university would try to overcome its history of elitist, exclusionary development and
forge an improved relationship of mutually beneficial interaction and cooperation. Indeed,
Columbia’s President Lee Bollinger proudly proclaimed in 2004 that “Columbia is a different
neighbor now…We want to stay here and be a great world university and be part of building
the community” (Lee Bollinger, as quoted in Bagli 2004).
However, when Columbia revealed its concept plan for Manhattanville—a plan
calling for the complete takeover and demolition of 17 acres1
for the construction for a $6.38
billion state-of-the-art research campus—the Harlem community was outraged. Instead of an
attempt at partnership, Columbia’s plan appeared to be effort to annex a large area of West
Harlem to its private domain, wiping valuable community businesses and residences
completely off the map and replacing them with research and classroom facilities of little use
to a population of low-income people of color with limited educational attainment.
1
With the exception of three buildings of “historical significance” that will be preserved
There is a new "generation" of cephalosporins created each time the structure changes. Cephalosporins have been produced in five generations thus far. All cephalosporins have a cef, ceph, or kef starting point. Be aware that different countries do not apply this classification system uniformly.
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